Understanding Your Thyroid Health

Health with Dr. Donald Greig

Author/ Dr. Donald Greig
2 January 2026

January is Thyroid Awareness Month, a great time to focus on thyroid health and help our community learn about this important gland. The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that plays a big role in how your body functions. It controls your metabolism, energy levels, and even your growth. Despite its importance, many people don’t know much about common thyroid problems like hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer.

It’s worth noting that thyroid issues affect women much more often than men—women are 5 to 8 times more likely to have a thyroid problem. Conditions like autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid nodules are seen even more frequently in women, with rates up to 10 times higher. In fact, around 1 in 8 women will face a thyroid disorder at some point in their lives, often due to hormonal changes from pregnancy or menopause. Unfortunately, many cases go undiagnosed. So, this month, let’s talk about what you should know about thyroid health and why catching issues early is so important.

The Role of the Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland produces hormones that are essential for maintaining the body’s metabolism. These hormones regulate how the body uses energy, influencing everything from weight and mood to temperature regulation. When the thyroid is functioning correctly, these processes run smoothly. However, when it’s imbalanced, it can lead to a variety of health issues.

Common Thyroid Disorders

Hypothyroidism: This condition occurs when the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones, leading to a slowed metabolism. Common symptoms include tiredness, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair changes, constipation, and depression. If left untreated, hypothyroidism can lead to more severe complications, including heart disease and infertility.
Hyperthyroidism: In contrast, hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid produces too much hormone, speeding up the body’s metabolism. Symptoms can include weight loss, increased heart rate, anxiety, sweating, diarrhoea, and insomnia. Untreated hyperthyroidism can cause significant health problems, such as heart issues and bone density loss.
Thyroid Cancer: Although it is less common than the other two conditions, thyroid cancer is a serious concern. Early detection significantly improves prognosis. Symptoms can include a noticeable lump in the neck, changes in voice, and difficulty swallowing.

The Importance of Early Detection

Catching thyroid problems early can make a huge difference in treatment and quality of life. Unfortunately, many people don’t realize they have a thyroid issue because they aren’t familiar with the symptoms or the thyroid’s role in health. Regular check-ups and awareness of potential symptoms are crucial for effective management.

In Hong Kong, healthcare professionals recommend routine screenings, especially for individuals with a family history of thyroid disease or those experiencing symptoms. Blood tests that measure hormone levels—like TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) and T4—are commonly used to diagnose thyroid disorders. Additionally, neck ultrasound is used to identify thyroid abnormalities, allowing for clear visualization of the gland and any potential nodules or tumours. This non-invasive imaging technique can be invaluable in assessing thyroid health and guiding further diagnostic steps including needle sampling of nodules or aspiration of thyroid cysts.

How to Promote Thyroid Health

Stay Informed: Knowledge is power. Understanding the symptoms and risks associated with thyroid disorders is the first step in promoting thyroid health within our community.
Get Regular Check-Ups: Encourage friends and family to schedule regular check-ups, particularly if they have risk factors such as family history or unexplained symptoms. Routine blood tests and ultrasound can catch issues early.
Eat a Balanced Diet: A diet rich in iodine, selenium, and zinc can support thyroid health. Incorporate foods like seafood, dairy, nuts, and leafy greens into your meals.
Manage Stress: Stress can negatively impact thyroid function. It disrupts the hormonal balance in your body, which can cause both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism symptoms. Practicing stress-reduction techniques—like meditation, yoga, and regular exercise—can improve overall well-being.

Community Engagement

We encourage local businesses and organizations to participate in promoting Thyroid Awareness Month. Whether through hosting free screening events, creating educational materials, or simply promoting conversations around optimal thyroid health, where every action can make a difference.

This January, let’s prioritize thyroid health. Start off 2026 with vitality and purpose.

About the Author

Dr. Donald Greig

Dr. Greig is a general surgeon with 26 years of experience in Hong Kong. He contributes to scientific literature, publishes weekly patient newsletters and serves as a well-being educator and communicator, collaborating with prominent institutions and companies.

www.thenewclinic.info