While internal factors are significant, external influences also shape our self-awareness. Society, culture, and social interactions play pivotal roles in how we see ourselves. In Hong Kong, a city known for its diversity, individuals are often exposed to varying cultural norms and expectations. These can affect self-esteem and confidence levels, especially among different genders and ethnic groups.

For example, traditional gender roles may impact how men and women perceive their abilities and worth. Women are often socialized to be more self-critical, which can lead to struggles with confidence, even when they possess the skills and qualifications needed for success. Conversely, societal expectations can pressure men to embody traits like stoicism and assertiveness, potentially leading to emotional fragility when they feel unable to meet these standards.

Ethnic differences, too, can influence self-awareness. Cultural backgrounds shape values, beliefs and behaviours, affecting how individuals view themselves and their place in society. For instance, collectivist cultures may emphasize group harmony over individual achievement, which can impact self-esteem and self-identity.